![]() Infants should not be treated to replace phlebotomy losses alone. See UI NICU Guidelines for Administering 15mL/kg Erythrocyte Transfusions to Neonates for our NICU's transfusion guidelines for preterm infants. Defining when clinically significant anemia is present is an area of active research. This void is in part due to the difficulty in studying patients who are unable to communicate how they feel ("symptoms") and the fact that objective clinical "signs" of neonatal anemia are non-specific and thus frequently are indicators of problems other than anemia, e.g., sepsis, apnea, seizures, growth failure ("failure to thrive"), etc. Well established, scientifically founded criteria for the diagnosis of anemia in the neonate are not available at present.
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